What is a computer
What is a computer? Know the details of the computer

The word computer is derived from the Latin word ‘Computare’. According to many scientists, the word comes from the Greek word ‘Compute’. In Bengali these two words mean to calculate or count. And the dictionary meaning of the word (Computer) is a calculating device.

In simple terms, (Computer) is an electronic device, which can solve various mathematical and compound problems very quickly and accurately. Although initially invented as ancient calculating machines, today’s modern computers can perform a variety of different tasks in addition to calculations.

Who invented the computer?

Although computing started in 3000 BC, it was scientist Charles Babbage who gave the first idea to build a computer. He made the first mechanical computer in 1882. Based on his design, the modern computer was later made. So Charles Babbage is called the father of computer.

When did the journey of the computer begin?

Scientist Charles Babbage invented the first computer in 1882, but the first generation computers were built between 1942 and 1966. But those devices were so big that a huge room was needed to keep them. The world’s first fully electronic computer was built in 1943, which was named ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer).

What work is the computer used for?

What are the uses of computers Once you start writing, you may not finish. Although this device began to be used primarily as a calculator, to solve complex mathematical problems. However, there is currently no work that does not use it. (What is a computer)

In education

Everyone may have realized how important computers are in education during the Kovid-19 pandemic. From primary schools to schools, colleges, universities, almost all educational institutions have use. From school-college and university online classes and exams, making assignments and presentations to college and university admission applications, all these tasks are now unimaginable without the help of this device. (What is a computer)

In the medical field

Computerized diagnostic systems are currently used to diagnose any disease in the medical field. From ECG, ultrasonograph, X-ray, CT scan to laparoscopic surgery, treatment and diagnosis for non-operative gallstone removal, this device is needed. (What is a computer)

In research

This instrument is an essential tool in scientific research or any research work in modern times. Because it can be used to collect data for research, store data and perform complex calculations very quickly. Computers contribute a lot to important research and data storage in the field of science. (What is a computer)

In entertainment

There is no alternative to using a computer for entertainment. Playing video games, watching movies or creating animations and special effects cannot be done without this device. (What is a computer)

How many types of computers and what are they?

Based on structure and features, computers are of three types:

1) Analog Computer

2) Digital Computer

3) Hybrid Computer

1) Analog Computer

An analog computer is a computer used to process analog data such as physical measurement, measurement of gaseous or liquid properties, voltage of electric wires, air flow and pressure changes etc. (What is a computer)

Characteristics of Analog Computer

  • It is made of more than one chip;
  • They tend to be less flexible and slower;
  • stores data in physical quantities;
  • Performs calculations using measurements;
  • Used to measure physical quantities, voltage rise in electrical wires, pressure variation of gas or liquid inside pipes etc. (What is a computer)

2) Digital Computer

Simply put, a computer that performs calculations using the binary system (0 and 1) is called a digital computer. Digital computers can perform calculations and logical operations at high speed. These types of devices are designed with memory disks and input and output units for high speed data processing. Desktops, mobiles, laptops and smart phones are all examples of digital computers. (What is a computer)

Features of Digital Computer
  • Complies with 0’s and 1’s in binary system;
  • It accepts all data types as input via binary 0’s and 1’s;
  • It consists of three parts: input, processing and output;
  • Works based on number processing;
  • Accuracy of work is very high (100 %)
  • The results in the work are displayed directly on the monitor or output to some other output device. (What is a computer)

3) Hybrid Computer

A device that combines the best features of analog and digital computers is called a hybrid computer. It is also commonly used in scientific research. Hybrid computers have both analog and digital features. It can operate as fast as analog on the one hand, and as accurately as digital on the other. Put more simply, a hybrid computer is a partial combination of analog and digital computers.

What are the types of digital computers?

There are 4 types of digital computers based on size and usage. Namely:-

1) Super Computer

2) Mainframe Computer

3) Mini Computer

4) Micro Computer

1) Super Computer

Super computer is the biggest and fastest. They are designed to process large amounts of data. A Super Computer can process trillions of instructions a second. It consists of thousands of interconnected processors.

Supercomputers are especially used in scientific and engineering applications, such as weather forecasting, scientific simulations, and nuclear energy research.

Features of Super Computer

Can handle large amounts of calculations;

is capable of rapid information processing;

Processing speed is up to 100 Million instructions per second (MIPS);

  • 64 bit or higher microprocessor chips are used;
  • Has a large number of processing units;
  • A large collection of RAM type memory units;
  • high speed interconnection between nodes;
  • high input/output system speed;
  • use of custom software;
  • Effective thermal management;
  • Can calculate a lot in a short time, because their Data Storage Capacity is the highest;
  • There are many processors, so multiple tasks can be done simultaneously. (What is a computer)
Example of Super Computer
  • SUPER-SX11Titan
  • Tianhe-I
  • Tianhe-2
  • Jaguar
  • CRAY-1
  • CYBER-205
  • IBM Sequoia
  • IBM Roadrunner
  • NEBULAE
  • SUPER-SX11

2) Mainframe Computer

High-performance computers used for large-scale computing purposes are called mainframe computers, also known as big irons in the technology world. This type of computer is used in big organizations like banking and telecom sector. However, this mainframe computer is relatively less powerful than the Super Computer. (What is a computer)

Features of Mainframe Computer
  • Able to work quickly;
  • Has high end processor and software for fast work;
  • Multiple network connections, memory support and disk storage are available simultaneously;
  • The industrial grade hardware and software used in it can last for 20 years without failure.
  • Has security features, which match the security features of a bank;
  • Using Mainframe Computer for big business transactions in any big organization and center.
Examples of Mainframe Computers
  • IBM-4300
  • CYBER-170
  • IBM-4342

3) Mini Computer

Bigger than microcomputer and smaller than mainframe computer are called mini computer. Medium-sized multiprocessing computers consist of two or more processors, which can be used by up to about 200 people simultaneously. Such devices are used for tasks such as billing, accounting and inventory management. (What is a computer)

Features of Mini Computer
  • Small in size and less work capacity;
  • A number of dumb terminals are connected;
  • It allows multiple people to work together;
  • It is actually a miniature version of Mainframe Computer;
  • Used in banks, industrial establishments, hospitals, large garment factories and multinational companies.
Example of Mini Computer
  • PDPII
  • IBM S/34
  • IBM S/36

4) Micro Computer

Micro computer is also known as personal computer. This type of computer is designed for personal use or general purpose use. Laptops and desktops used in various tasks of our daily life are examples of Micro Computers. From creating assignments or presentations, they are commonly used for watching movies and office work. This Micro Computer is currently the most used. (What is a computer)

Features of Micro Computer
  • Made of miniature micro processor chips;
  • A main consists of microprocessor, main memory, auxiliary memory, input and output devices;
  • Only one person can work on it at a time;
  • It is actually a miniature version of the Mini Computer;
  • Used in educational institutions, office-courts, personal use, sports and entertainment.
  • Currently there are different types of Micro Computers. For example: desktop, notebook or laptop, tablet, smartphone etc.
Example of Micro Computer
  • IBM PC,
  • APPLE POWER,
  • HP PC,
  • DELL PC

How many types of microcomputer and what is it?

Micro Computer is again of two types

1) Desktop

2) Laptop

Desktop

A desktop is a type of personal computer, which can be used for daily work usually on a desk or table. Not only for personal use but also used in offices and educational institutions.

Laptop

A laptop is a portable personal computer that can be folded like a book. Laptops are used for various purposes including work, study and personal entertainment. (What is a computer)

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